The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body usually applied to demonstrable accumulation of excessive fluid in the subcutaneous tissuesoedema may be localised due to venous or lymphatic obstruction or to increased vascular permeability or it may be systemic due to heart failure or renal disease. Additionally saliva testing is becoming more common for some laboratory testing such as hiv testing drugs abuse testing and genetic tests.
Pharmacology Wikipedia
Drug measurement in body fluids. Fluid ounces are a measure of volume while ounces are a measure of weight. Center for human toxicology university of utah salt lake city utah 64112 allison f. Measurement of drug concentrations in tissues and in blood over time. Measurement of haemodilution provided by the blood haemoglobin concentration overcomes these problems permitting multiple sampling generally providing one measurement every 5 min for as long as sampling is possible and there is still some infused fluid left in the body. Instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body. For example suppose we want to measure total body water in a 60 kg woman.
As most drugs are distributed to the site of action by blood drug concentration measurement in this body fluid provides the best information as to the potential effect on behavior such as driving impairment or on psychological high. For abused drugs in body fluids rodger l. Combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone. We inject 30 ml of deuterium oxide d2o as an isotonic saline solution into an arm vein. Foltz battelle columbus laboratories columbus ohio 43201 nida research monograph 32 august 1980 department of health and human services public health service. Drug is administered via suppository or fluid into the anus.
Samples are usually obtained through collection of the fluid in a container eg urine semen or by inserting a needle into the body cavity and aspirating with a syringe a portion of the fluid eg csf. To measure total body water heavy water deuterium oxide tritiated water hto or antipyrene a drug that distributes throughout all of the body water is used as an indicator. Measurement of plasma volume requires a tracer which is mostly limited to this compartment and this is achieved by using a tracer which binds to albumin. The tracers used are the azo dye known as evans blue or t1824 which binds avidly to albumin or radio iodine labelled serum albumin risa. Drug analysis in body fluids. How we measure reads a read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title abstract and list of authors clicks on a figure.
Always use a properly calibrated measuring device to measure liquid medicines.
Gallery of Drug Measurement In Body Fluids
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