Effective dose is a measure of the biological damage to the whole body resulting from exposure. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation.
Ch103 Chapter 3 Radioactivity And Nuclear Chemistry
The measurement of emissions from radioactive material in the body is. Risk assessment ra. 4 non imaging nuclear medicine uptake 4 introduction of radioactive materials into the body for measurements of organ functions from detection of radioactive emissions. Inside the body they can kill nearby cells. Beta particles are electrons emitted from an atom. The units of absorbed dose are the rad and the gray gy. 5 non imaging nuclear medicine probe 5 introduction of radioactive materials into the body for the study of distribution and fate of certain substances by the detection of.
2011 et seq as amended. Cesium 137 remains in the body for a relatively short time. The united states nuclear regulatory commission defines this as types and amounts of radioactive or hazardous material released to the environment following an accident. As used in this part. Accelerator produced radioactive material means any material made radioactive by a particle accelerator. After radioactive cesium is ingested it is distributed fairly uniformly throughout the bodys soft tissues.
A more sophisticated measure of radiation exposure. By measuring the radiation level around a persons body using a geiger counter a safety officer can approximate that persons absorbed dose. Outside the body alpha particles wont even go through the outer layer of skin. Examples of radioactive materials that give off alpha particles are polonium 210 radon 222 radium 226 and americium 241. Act means the atomic energy act of 1954 42 usc. Slightly lower concentrations are found in bone and fat.
A medium energy beta particle travels about one meter in air and one millimeter in body tissue. Slightly higher concentrations are found in muscle. Measurement of absorption of radioactive emissions from an external source nonimaging assay introduction of radioactive materials into the body for the study of body fluids and blood elements by the detection of radioactive emissions. Cesium 137 can enter the body when it is inhaled or ingested. For example the amount of radiation being given off or emitted by a radioactive material is measured using the conventional unit curie ci named for the famed scientist marie curie or the si unit becquerel bq. Different units of measure are used depending on what aspect of radiation is being measured.
In nuclear accidents a measure of the type and amount of radioactivity released such as from a reactor containment failure is known as the source term. Occur when the body is exposed to radioactive material outside the body. A radioactive element may emit gamma rays in discrete bundles or quanta called photons if the nucleus remaining after alpha or beta decay is in an excited state. Most gamma emissions are accompanied by beta emissions. Absorbed dose means the energy imparted by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material.
Gallery of The Measurement Of Emissions From Radioactive Material In The Body Is
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